How Poets in Quickdraw Explore Ideas Free Essays

English writing verse and examination joins/task The manhunt ‘The manhunt’ is about a harmed soldier’s spouse who is portraying her experience seeing her husband’s deadly wounds. It is a positive relationship in light of the fact that the spouse is feeling the torment of the husband. The sonnet which has examinations is ‘In Paris with you’ the topic is regular in both, of the darker side of adoration. We will compose a custom paper test on How Poets in Quickdraw Explore Ideas or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The writer of manhunt decides to investigate this through the possibility of a man coming back to his better half, after a war, and thusly is an increasingly emotive sonnet, while the writer of In Paris with you composes of an end of the week in Paris, where one does whatever it takes not to become hopelessly enamored with the anonymous individual. They are both written in first individual in ‘the manhunt’ the spouse is sharing her experience straightforwardly about her significant other to the peruser and comparatively ‘In Paris with you’ the storyteller is tending to the peruser about her/his wrecked relationship and the main contrast between the two sonnets is that the relationship ‘in Paris with you’ is negative and she/he isn't infatuated with their darling and clarifying their connections. Besides they are both monolog sonnets where the author makes a deception of a voice and is one-sided in light of the fact that we just hear one side of the story the two characters in the two sonnets are not tending to their perspective. The hour Hourâ is about the sentiments that emerge from investing energy with a friend or family member. The sonnet proposes that to be with a friend or family member, in any event, for only 60 minutes, is valuable and significant. The relationship in the sonnet is sure. Hour follows the structure of a Shakespearian piece. Hourâ has numerous references to cash and wealth, differentiating the idea of material riches and assets against adoration and time went through with a friend or family member. Hour is like the ghazal in light of the fact that the two of them talk about adoration and partition and are both positive connections. Quickdraw Quickdrawâ is aâ one-sided relationship. The speaker of the sonnet is sitting tight for contact from her sweetheart. The setting of the relationship is muddled, and we don't have the foggiest idea whether the speaker invites contact or not. Quickdraw is a sonnet which appears and exhibits the highs and lows of relshonships it is a negative relationship on the grounds that the speaker is conversing with her darling she is injured by the writings she’s got. The lexical field of battling is in this sonnet which makes it an awful relshonship. Ovals are likewise utilized all through the sonnet possibly to show articulation. Sister Maudeâ also presents the thought ofâ conflict and viciousness in a relationshipâ but between sisters instead of sweethearts. Ghazal Ghazalâ is an adoration sonnet in which a speaker tries to make sure about the affection and consideration of another. The sonnet is comprised of a grouping of two-line verses Ghazal is like hour since it has the commen subject of adoration and serperation going through the sonnet. The sonnet is a positive relationship on the grounds that the lady is fragmented without him. Siblings Brothers is a sonnet around two siblings where a void is made. The initial representation establishes the pace for the connection between the two brothers â€Å"Saddled†Ã‚ suggests the negative feelingsâ the speaker has for his sibling. The connections in the sonnet is negative Brothersâ explores theâ relationship between siblingsâ and the manner by which time isolates them. There is warmth between the siblings, especially in the reverence of the more youthful kid. In Sister Maudeâ a significantly more dangerous connection between kin is introduced. Like Brothers, this sonnet alludes to the manner by which the move towards age brings a separation between kin. Recognition Song for my mom Praise melody for my mom is a sonnet about a mother and her kid and the profound love and warmth they have for each other the relationship in the sonnet is sure . he sonnet is connected to weeds since it has comparative subject going through which is love for kids and the other way around. Harmonium is about a child speaking emphatically about his father . The storyteller (the child) needs the assistance of his dad to divert the instrument from the congregation the relationship is certain and a harmonium is an instrument. Net tlesâ are a sonnet about the connection among father and child, despite the fact that from the viewpoint of the dad as opposed to the child acclaim melody for my mom is another sonnet about kids from the point of view of mother this time. Piece 116 Sonnet 116 is a sonnet about what love is and what it really implies and speaks to. The relationship is certain it says love is everlasting and the storyteller is sure about his perspectives on affection. A sonnet which is connected to poem 116 is To His Coy Mistressâ explores time and its impact on affection, in spite of the fact that it proposes that passing will bring an end unlike Sonnet 116, which recommends thatâ love is more noteworthy than death. Poem 43 Work 43 is about adoration similar to all amazing positive and extraordinary power the connections in the sonnet is certain. The sonnet which joins with piece 43 is with Hour †both present love as aâ positive and amazing power. To his hesitant escort To his shy fancy woman intends to his modest special lady. The sonnet is about a bashful fancy woman and her accomplice who needs her to be sleeping with. The sonnet which connects to his demure fancy woman is Hour on the grounds that it’s about how valuable time is to sweethearts, and presents that time is a power which is against darlings. The farmer’s lady of the hour The farmer’s lady of the hour is about a relshonship between a rancher and his lady of the hour it is written in first individual the sonnet which offers connects to the ranchers lady of the hour is to his hesitant special lady since they are both about their associations with their life partners. Sister Maude Sister Maudeâ explores the damaging tendency of envy and the darker side of sisterhood. There is a proposal that Maude’s selling out was unnatural andâ â€Å"un-sisterly†. The relshonship in the sonnet is negative a sonnet which is like Sister Maude is siblings since it is likewise about kin though in that sonnet it is about age and how it can disturb connections between siblings . Brambles Brambles is a sonnet about a parent and a kid whose kid has been trapped in weeds and endured wounds a sonnet which connects to brambles is acclaim tune for my mom since it is additionally about a mindful parent and how they feel towards their posterity. it’s a positive relationship. Born yesterday Born yesterday is about a storyteller whose expounding on her companions youngster appearing on the scene and depicting the child a sonnet which is comparative is Hour, like Born Yesterdayâ is a sonnet about discovering delight in customary, regular encounters, instead of pursuing the unthinkable and confronting dissatisfaction. The relshonship is certain Mohammed sidat The most effective method to refer to How Poets in Quickdraw Explore Ideas, Essay models

Legal System In Australia Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Legal System In Australia. Answer: Presentation Legitimate framework is characterized as the method of shaping and expounding peace and authorizing them. The Australian lawful framework is enlivened from the British government and lawful structure. Individuals has equivalent right under this legitimate framework regardless of being local or global and are being shielded for any unjustifiably judgment. Australian court follows the ill-disposed framework which is again impacted by the British frameworks (Findlay et al., 2015). Other framework incorporates two inverse gatherings introducing their cases and contentions and an outsider which is the adjudicator assumes responsibility for the entire judgment straightforwardly. While the antagonistic framework comprises of just the appointed authorities tuning in to the contentions and counter contentions of two gatherings and afterward gives of the judgment. Any legitimate framework begins right off the bat with the constitution and afterward the legislature of that nation. The lawful fr amework can be isolated into hardly any gatherings also. A depiction of the procedure is given underneath. Constitution of Australia: Sacred government is the predominant framework and Commonwealth Constitution is known as the main assemblage of law in Australia. The Constitution has the rundown of decides that directs the activities of parliaments including its specialists and force (Westbrook et al., 2015). Province constitution incorporates the government, bureaucratic parliament, administrative tallies or the entire bureaucratic law framework and formation of another state also and all the while, the constitution can be said as the focal strengthening documentation in the Australian legitimate framework. The federation builds up that if the ward and state pass any clashing law, a Commonwealth law can over shade a state authoritative. It additionally expresses that State can pass any law or rule. Law power is partitioned in central government around hardly any territories like movement, relationships, and assessments. These are the rights given by constitution. Once more, if there should be an occurrence of property matters like buying and sell of properties, the Commonwealth parliament doesnt reserve the option to meddle. Established force divisions: The law making powers were not given to the region exclusively as expressed in the constitution. These are the rights that are given to the state. Notwithstanding, a league separates the influence that in being given to the state and Commonwealth which are the constituent particles of Australia. Force division is one of the most significant jobs of constitution between state government and state council (Rembar, 2015). Australian constitution gives a set number of forces to the Commonwealth similarly safeguard, settlements and outside exchange yet Most of the forces conceded to the Commonwealth are existing forces which is allowed under area 51. These are the influence normal between the state and the federation however in the event of contention between the two, Commonwealth will have the sole influence to execute their laws a the state need to obey them. Australian government: Government has a great deal of forces to control the state and the nation. Be that as it may, houses powers are isolated into three wide divisions like with adjusting powers. The gatherings check the working style and execution of each other. This is the Australian method to confine any of a gathering to assume responsibility for the Australian Government. The three general gatherings are administrative gathering, official gathering and legal executive gathering (Young et al., 2016). Working procedure of the administrative is appeared in the stream diagram beneath which begins with presentation of bill and finishes in Bill is concurred is conceded to the senate. At that point comes the official offices which are clearly liable for execution of the law. The following level in the progressive system is legal executive division which is the branch of checking for the infringement of this law. The legal executive division fundamentally works through High Court and the working procedure of this high court is delineated in the subsequent stream graph beginning from Federal Court Hierarchy and NSW Court Hierarchy till the end. Australian Parliament: The said Parliament comprises of two sections or houses as indicated by the Australian parliament dialects named as The House of Representatives and The Senate (Coles et al., 2015). The House of agents is known as the lower house and the Senate is known as the upper house. The House of Representatives comprises of individuals who are single electorate. The Senate division comprises of individuals in right now. Subsequently, these two divisions of the parliament framework comprise of the wings of Australian political framework. Government is produced using the gathering or the gatherings which reign lion's share in the House of Representatives (Wouters, Fraga James, 2015). Enactment appear and affirm the administration framework to pass a standard and make it a law. Once more, other than on account of monitory bills, The Senate has the equivalent option to pass any law. End: It tends to be finished up from the examination that being impacted by British law framework, Australian Law framework is exceptionally proficient one. The Law framework is separated into state law and Commonwealth law. Constitution is being followed in each progression and the administration law process is very productive and powerful. References: Coles, R. G., Rasheed, M. A., McKenzie, L. J., Grech, A., York, P. H., Sheaves, M., ... Bryant, C. (2015). The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area seagrasses: dealing with this notorious Australian biological system asset for the future.Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,153, A1-A12. Findlay, M., Odgers, S., Yeo, S. M. H. (2015).Australian criminal equity. Oxford University Press. Rembar, C. (2015).The tradition that must be adhered to: The advancement of our lawful framework. Open Road Media. Westbrook, J. I., Li, L., Lehnbom, E. C., Baysari, M. T., Braithwaite, J., Burke, R., ... Day, R. O. (2015). What are occurrence reports letting us know? A relative report at two Australian emergency clinics of prescription mistakes distinguished at review, recognized by staff and answered to an occurrence system.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,27(1), 1-9. Wouters, C., Fraga, E. S., James, A. M. (2015). A vitality coordinated, multi-microgrid, MILP (blended whole number straight programming) approach for private appropriated vitality framework planningA South Australian case-study.Energy,85, 30-44. Youthful, H., Campbell, M., Spears, B., Butler, D., Cross, D., Slee, P. (2016). Cyberbullying and the job of the law in Australian schools: Views of senior officials.Australian Journal of Education,60(1), 86-101.

A Step-By-Step Guide to Building a Knowledge Map

A Step-By-Step Guide to Building a Knowledge Map A knowledge map is a powerful tool for communities and organizations to capture and share their most valuable asset: intellectual capital. In the first article of this knowledge mapping series, I provided an introduction to knowledge managementâ€"its benefits and best practices. In this article, I will share why and how to build a knowledge map, plus some concepts to consider when doing so. Table of Contents: What is a Knowledge Map? What Are the Benefits of Knowledge Mapping? How to Build a Knowledge Map Knowledge Mapping Best Practices An Everyday Example of Finding Knowledge Using a Knowledge Map What is a Knowledge Map? A knowledge map is a visual, like the example above, that shows where knowledge can be found within a company or organization. It includes knowledge rather than information, and that knowledge is accessed rather than searched for. Here’s some information explaining what those concepts mean. Knowledge vs. information The key to building a good knowledge map is to avoid unnecessary noise, and the best way to avoid noise is to have a clear definition of what qualifies as a knowledge asset and what does not. I like this definition from Davenport and Prusak: Knowledge is a high-value form of information that is ready to apply to decisions and actions, [and that] knowledge derives from information as information derives from data. This is extremely important, as I’ve often seen knowledge-sharing platforms suffering from an excess of information. This is damaging to the knowledge mapping initiative. Too much information becomes noise, and noise prevents people from accessing the most important content. Here is where the “knowledge asset” concept becomes important. For me, knowledge assets are minimum common denominators of knowledgeâ€"an atom if you like. They are actionable, productive units. I normally expect over 90% of knowledge assets to be produced as part of the normal team workflow. I like assets to be small and actionable. Those atoms are then added to the knowledge map for users to navigate and grab at will so they become the building material of their projects. Do not search for knowledge, access it In every meeting and workshop about knowledge management, I get the following question: “Shouldn’t we have a search field?” We are so used to searching for information that it comes as a surprise when searching for knowledge is discouraged. But knowledge should be accessed rather than searched for. When we search for knowledgeâ€"and if we are luckyâ€"the best thing that can happen is that we find what we’re looking for. When we access knowledge by navigating the knowledge map, we discover things we did not know existed. We also gain a quick understanding of what we know as a group, what we have available to us, and what we would like to have available to us but do not yet possess. Many of us have experienced varying levels of frustration when we complete a search in a database. Often the computer returns lists of 20 items or more with vaguely similar titles, forcing us to open file after file. I can assure you that searching is not faster than accessing. What Are the Benefits of Knowledge Mapping? Knowledge mapping helps organizations curate an experience for their employees/members when accessing their collective intelligence. The intellectual capital of the company can be quickly accessed by organizing the knowledge assets in a knowledge map. Knowledge maps are extremely intuitive, and they provide great platforms to showcase knowledge assets. Members of the team can navigate the different branches of the map, leading them to groups of assets and new maps. And most assets can be reached following different paths, as different people follow different thought processes. How to Build a Knowledge Map The image below belongs to the knowledge map for the preparation of the annual OuiShare Festival held in Barcelona. OuiShare is a think tank that focuses on collaborative consumption and the sharing economy. It is a community of 3,000 who get together around projects. In our case study, we’re focusing on the OuiShare Fest BCN. OuiShare Fest is an annual three-day conference for around 700 attendees, held in Barcelona. Organizing the festival involves around 30 people working at different degrees of intensity over a few months. The work is divided into a series of departments, but for this example, we’ll focus on the work of the Sponsors team. The Sponsors team is made up of four members, and only one of us was involved in the preparation of last year’s conference. Already here we identify a key element for our knowledge management initiative: institutional memory. When we start capturing knowledge assets, we should pay special attention to doing it in such a way that it will be easy to find and reuse by next year’s Sponsors team. With this case study in mind, here is our step-by-step guide for creating a knowledge map for both planning and long-term knowledge acquisition purposes. Step 1. Identify your knowledge map topic During the team’s first meeting, we would go ahead and open a brand new mind map within our knowledge-mapping tool of choice: MindMeister. We name it “Sponsors.” This will be the domain for all of the knowledge associated with dealing with sponsors, and we expect the other teams to do the same with their domains. For the time being, we will focus on only working on our map, and at a later stage, we will start connecting this knowledge with other maps. Step 2. Prepare your first assets You can begin adding assets to your mind map before you’ve even started a project. In our first meeting on gathering sponsors, for example, we could already define some of the things that we expect we’d be doing soon. We can imagine that at some point we’ll be delivering a presentation to the potential sponsors. The presentation will explain what OuiShare is, what the conference is about, and why they should partner with us. For this, we could start by adding a topic to the map and calling it “First Presentation to Sponsors.” This is our first knowledge asset. We can always change this name in the future, but for now, this serves as a reminder for us to prepare for these inevitable presentations for sponsors. Let’s now find a few more assets that we predict we’ll be needing: Assuming that the sponsor finds our idea interesting, we will be asked to submit a proposal. In this, we’ll describe in detail the value we offer and the amount of money we’d be asking for. If the sponsor likes our proposal, we will then have to have a contract, or an agreement, between the parties. And once the agreement is in place, we will then start delivering that value to the sponsors, whatever that is. For the time being, we will call that asset “Activities with the Sponsors.” Step 3. Capture the first knowledge asset We have a list of sponsors from the previous edition, plus a list of companies we have shortlisted but have not met yet. The first thing we do is draft the email to sponsors. In this email, we introduce ourselves and propose a meeting to tell them about the festival and opportunities available for potential sponsors. So this is the first knowledge asset we’ve actually produced: the introductory email. This is an asset we had not originally anticipated in the map but that we now believe is worth including. As different people on the team will be reaching out to potential sponsorsâ€"including the teams of future editionsâ€"it’s worth capturing and sharing. Note that we are not producing knowledge assets for the sake of producing them. We are doing our normal daily work, and we capture those assets as they become available. We, therefore, go to the map and choose where to add the asset. As we believe it fits with the group of activities related to “Approaching Sponsors,” we decide to rearrange our topics slightly. As you can see in the below image, we have created a new branch called “Approaching Sponsors.” We’ve also moved the “Introductory Email” and the “First Presentation to Sponsors” to inside that topic. This example shows how versatile mind mapping can be when it comes to rearranging knowledge. Step 4. Attach knowledge via documents or Google Docs Now that we have a place for the “Introductory Email,” we only have to save a copy of the template email in the “OuiShare Knowledge Map” folder. If using Google Docs, simply change the sharing settings so that your relevant team members can collaborate and add their suggestions. Once you have this shareable link, simply copy and paste the link into the relevant topic within your mind map. This can be done via the URL feature in the sidebar, as highlighted below. Step 5. If needed, add your asset to other locations Some assets do not belong only in one domain. For instance, when the time came to prepare the first presentation, one key asset we used was the “General OuiShare Fest BCN” presentation, prepared by the general coordinator. By using the general presentation as the basis for our work, we not only save time, but we also ensure consistency throughout the entire team. Yet again, we adapted the knowledge map to reflect this: This asset, “General Presentation,” is the perfect example of an asset that is present in many different domains, not only in “Sponsors.” This is extremely valuable since this is the best way to make sure that everybody in the team has the latest version of it. Any time you capture an asset, spend a couple of minutes thinking in which other areas of the maps it should be present, too. Step 6. Connect your different domains As we discussed in our introduction to knowledge management, mind maps allow us to create an ontological navigation of the different knowledge domains. In our example, there are a couple of designers working on the branding and design of the conference. They too develop knowledge maps to capture useful knowledge, and this “Design Resources” knowledge map is used across the entire team. This is an extremely valuable domain, as we’re all accountable for producing material to send out to sponsors, speakers, the press, etc. For this reason, we (the Sponsors team) have added a topic on our knowledge map that leads directly to the “Design Resources” mind map. Step 7. Make your knowledge available remotely At OuiShare, we work entirely via the cloud for projects, communications, governance, and sharing knowledge. For this reason, MindMeister is the best-suited mind mapping platform to capture and share our collective knowledge. MindMeister is entirely cloud-based and geared up for collaboration. The administrator has set up the whole team on the MindMeister team/members environment. We can, therefore, access the shared knowledge whether we’re in the office or working remotely. Build Your First Knowledge MapAnd start capturing knowledge assets. Sign up for free Sign up for free We use G Suite for our project management and file storage, again available via the cloud. For this, we’ve created a dedicated folder called “OuiShare Knowledge Map” containing all knowledge assets. The files are then shared in their respective mind maps via the shareable links (as shown above). Since we’ll be sharing the knowledge maps with other members of the organization and external users, we provide the relevant individuals with permission to edit. This is done via the sharing settings on the MindMeister lower toolbar. Everyone will then receive an email alerting them and including a link to access and edit the mind map. Knowledge Mapping Best Practices Here are a couple of best practices to keep in mind when creating your knowledge map. Organize your knowledge assets around knowledge domains There are hundreds of knowledge assets in every community and every organization. The first piece of advice when building the knowledge map for your organization is to not try and capture all of your knowledge assets into one single mind map. When you and your colleagues start creating your collective knowledge, you should be thinking of it as domains of knowledge. You can then dedicate one mind map to each of these domains. A domain is just a group of assets that share a particular area. It’s important to note that one given asset could be present in a number of domains. This is a key characteristic of an ontology when compared to a taxonomy. In the OuiShare example above, Sponsors has its own dedicated map. Other domains include “Branding,” “Production,” “Programme,” and “Volunteers.” Different members of the organization will specialize in one or two domains. These team members will develop a feeling of ownership over these domains, which is more important than it sounds since company culture is the main obstacle for any knowledge management initiative. Build your knowledge map so anyone can use it Keep in mind that anyone in your organization may come to your domain’s knowledge map in search of useful and actionable information. While you create the mind map, try to create an experience for those visitors. I strongly recommend that if you start getting a long list of topics, consider grouping them as subtopics. We often feel more comfortable with groups of no more than six or seven elements. An Everyday Example of Finding Knowledge Using a Knowledge Map Now that I’ve shown you how to create a knowledge map with MindMeister, I want to share an everyday example of how using a knowledge map for knowledge curation increases the quality of our work and saves us a lot of time. My colleague Luis from Ouishare in Madrid had a meeting with TeamLabs, an organization that is revolutionizing higher education. We have been friends with TeamLabs for quite a while, doing things here and there, but we still haven’t done proper work together. That day, Luis was exploring how we could collaborate. The meeting went well and they agreed on the next steps. In that meeting, the client thought that Ouishare could host a series of workshops for their students on topics about, roughly speaking, the future of organizations. Luis agreed to submit the following materials: Specific topics for the workshops What are the benefits for the students? How do our workshops relate to TeamLabs’ philosophy? Relevant experience and testimonials Luis needed to put together one excellent PDF with those bits and pieces and ideally submit it in less than 24 hours. 80% of the work was already done Some may disagree with me here, but I can’t remember any task or project where 80% of the work hadn’t already been done before. I normally find that my work consists of combining available assets, cleanly and quickly, so I can dedicate 80% of my time to that 20% of the work that makes a difference. In this example, Luis needs to focus on the question of “How do our workshops relate to TeamLabs philosophy?” This is the most valuable question for our potential client. Luis needs to look into the details of their courses and make sure that what we propose makes sense and adds value. Everything else (the topics, references, and benefits) are secondary and should be put together quickly. The diagram above tries to be a cake. While needed, of course, the body of the cake is not as valuable as the icing. We manage knowledge so that we spend most of our effort and time on the icingâ€"whatever truly provides value. Finding the pieces to build the cake using our knowledge map We capture and share our knowledge with MindMeister and share it with everybody, fully open source. You can access it yourself here. Navigating the knowledge map, Luis reaches the domain of “Masterclasses.” In there, he finds the one-pagers that describe the different workshops, something that he was specifically looking for. Incidentally, he also realizes there is an area for “People Bios and CVs” and thinks this could also be useful to show the client the type of facilitators that could provide the workshops. Showing our mix of people is a good way to show how we fit with their program (the icing on the cake). In the documentation for each workshop, there is a section listing the benefits for the attendees. Great! That covers the second part. Luis finds a basic presentation that makes sense for this opportunity, where he also finds the testimonials. Incidentally, he discovers the work that our colleague in Austria did for a design university in Switzerland. I can’t stress enough how important these types of connections are! By navigating the knowledge maps, Luis was able to: Put together 80% of the document in less than 30 minutes. Discover assets he did not know existed that will help him with the icing on the cake. Discover someone doing something really cool. Invest the following two hours creating something that made a lot of sense for the client’s needs. Get Started Capturing Your Knowledge with a Knowledge Map By now, you know what a knowledge map is, why it’s important, how it can be used by people in your organization every day to save time, and how to build a knowledge map. To recap, the steps are: Identify your knowledge map topic. Identify your first assets in the map (even if you don’t have them yet). Capture the knowledge assets as they become available. Attach those assets to the map. Copy the assets wherever you see fit. Connect your different domains. Make your knowledge available remotely. The most important task of all is to maintain awareness. In our daily work, we are continuously generating material that is useful and worth capturing. If your team captures and shares those assets as they’re created, capturing collective knowledge will become a great deal easier. Originally published in November 2016, this post has been updated to consolidate two posts into one and to add a new case study highlighting the benefits of using a knowledge map to find information quickly and easily. Build Your First Knowledge MapAnd start capturing knowledge assets. Sign up for free Sign up for free

Analysis Of Phedre Was A Classic Tragedy Written By...

â€Å"Phà ¨dre† was a classic tragedy written by Jean Racine in the 17th century. It explored the theme of fatality, with regards to Greek mythological references. The drama reflected the importance of order and harmony (L1) during classicism period in light of Racinian poetics. It also paralleled with the political background during Louis XIV regime, through the portrayal of Thà ©sà ©e as a heroic dominant both within and outside the palace. Among the many themes aforementioned, this commentary will shed light on Racine’s arrangement of plot structure, use of the dramatic and linguistic effect, major classicism values, and parallelism with the absolute monarchy in France. To begin with, the first part of the extract from Act 4 Scene 2 was a dialogue between Hippolytus and Thà ©sà ©e. It served as a plot device and revealed the prominence of logical thinking in the 17th century. Thà ©sà ©e’s accusation of â€Å"d inceste et d adultà ¨re† against Hippolytus triggered him to confess his love for Aricia as a defense. However, it enraged Thà ©sà ©e even more as he perceived it as his son’s atrocious attempt to cover up his â€Å"brutale insolence†. This scene helped to transit the play to the ‘falling action’ in which Hippolytus and Thà ©sà ©e unwittingly became the victims of Oenone’s perfidy. This scene also hinted the idea of determinism and free will. Each action and choice would casually lead to another one, like the domino effect. Such as how Thà ©sà ©e accusation against his son led to Hippolytus revealing

Music Therapy Autism Literature Review - 3110 Words

Individuals with autism show equal or increased abilities in pitch processing, labeling of emotions in music, and musical preference when compared to typically†developing peers. The most compelling evidence supporting the clinical benefits of music therapy lies in the areas of social†emotional responsiveness and communication including increased compliance, reduced anxiety, increase speech output, decreased vocal stereotypy, receptive labeling, and increased interaction with peers. Preliminary findings also support the potential for music to assist in the learning of daily routines. SECTION 1: AUTISM amp; MUSIC PERCEPTION RESEARCH 1. Bennett, E., amp; Heaton, P. (2012). Is talent in autism spectrum disorders associated with a†¦show more content†¦9. Heaton, P. (2003). Pitch memory, labeling and disembedding in autism. Journal of Child Psychiatry and Psychology, 44(4), 543†51. Pitch memory and labeling is superior in autism and can facilitate performance on musical disembedding tasks. 10. Heaton, P. (2009). Assessing musical skills in autistic children who are not savants. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1522), 1443†7. Data from empirical studies show that many children with autism possess musical potential that can and should be developed. Musically untrained individuals with ASD have revealed a pattern of musical abilities that are either enhanced or spared compared to other areas of functioning. 11. Heaton, P., Williams, K., Cummins, O., amp; Happe, F. (2008). Autism and pitch processing splinter skills: a group and subgroup analysis. Autism, 12(2), 203†19. Compared with comparison participants, a subgroup of individuals with autism achieved performance scores in pitch discrimination and pitch memory that were 4†5 standard deviations above the mean for the groups. 12. Lai, G., Pantazatos, S., Schneider, H., amp; Hirsch, J. (2012). Neural systems for speech and song in autism. Brain, 135(Pt 3), 961†75. Findings indicate that in low functioning individuals with autism, functional systems that process speech and song were moreShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Music For This Group Of Pupils814 Words   |  4 PagesMoreover, it is a naturalistic and qualitative study, which comprises of two sets of data, observation notes and interview questions. The participants were five teachers of students with autism in special primary schools in the area of Bristol, in the UK. Ethical considerations were taken into account before collecting the data by ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants through a consent form that was granted to the participants, while it was made clear that they could withdrawRead MoreTreatment Options Used for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder1440 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is known as a neurodevelopmental disorder that is capable of weakening communication, behavior and socialization. The term ASD includes three major subtypes which is Autism Spectrum Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder and Asperger’s Disorder. About 9.0 in 1000 children have ASD and certain types of autism might not be identified until three years of life. The probability of boys being diagnosed is higher compared to girls (Bravaccio et al. 2013)Read MoreBenefits Of Music Therapy On Children Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesBenefits of Music Therapy in Autistic children Benefits of Music Therapy in Autistic children Literature Review Zuleima Haskins â€Æ' Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of conditions of the brain development. (Vries, 2015). The main characteristic of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is that they have difficulties to adapt and interact with other people. Also, individuals with Autism have problems with their development of verbal and nonverbal communicationRead MoreJake Fuller. 05-16-2017. Hec 357. Music Therapy How It1621 Words   |  7 PagesHEC 357 Music Therapy; How it effects emotional and physical health. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects that music therapy has individual and family health. 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chapter seven measuring domestic output and national income CHAPTER OVERVIEW News headlines frequently report the status of the nation’s economic conditions, but to many citizens the information is confusing or incomprehensible. This chapter acquaints students with the basic language of macroeconomics and national income accounting. GDP is defined and explained. We will write a custom essay sample on The Juice or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then, the differences between the expenditure and income approaches to determining GDP are discussed and analyzed in terms of their component parts. The income and expenditure approaches are developed gradually from the basic expenditure-income identity, through tables and figures. The importance of investment is given considerable emphasis, including the nature of investment, the distinction between gross and net investment, the role of inventory changes, and the impact of net investment on economic growth. On the income side, nonincome charges—depreciation and indirect business taxes—are covered in detail because these usually give students the most trouble. Other measures of economic activity are defined and discussed, with special emphasis on using price indexes. The purpose and procedure of deflating and inflating nominal GDP are carefully explained and illustrated. Finally, the shortcomings of current GDP measurement techniques are examined. Global comparisons are made with respect to size of national GDP and size of the underground economy. The Last Word looks at the sources of data for the GDP accounts. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES After completing this chapter, students should be able to 1. State the purposes of national income accounting. 2. List the components of GDP in the output (expenditures) approach and in the income approach. 3. Compute GDP using either the expenditure or income approach when given national income data. 4. Differentiate between gross and net investment. . Explain why changes in inventories are investments. 6. Discuss the relationship between net investment and economic growth. 7. Compute NDP, NI, PI, and DI when given relevant data. 8. Describe the system represented by the circular flow in this chapter when given a copy of the diagram. 9. Calculate a GDP price index using simple hypothetical data. 10. Find real GDP by a djusting nominal GDP with use of a price index. 11. List seven shortcomings of GDP as an index of social welfare. 12. Explain what is meant by the underground economy and state its approximate size in the U. S. and how that compares to other nations. 13. Give an estimate of actual 2002 (or later) U. S. GDP in trillions of dollars and be able to rank the U. S. relative to a few other countries. 14. Define and identify terms and concepts listed at the end of the chapter. LECTURE NOTES I. Assessing the Economy’s Performance A. National income accounting measures the economy’s performance by measuring the flows of income and expenditures over a period of time. B. National income accounts serve a purpose for the economy similar to income statements for business firms. C. Consistent definition of terms and measurement techniques allows us to use the national accounts in comparing conditions over time and across countries. D. The national income accounts provide a basis for appropriate public policies to improve economic performance. II. Gross Domestic Product A. GDP is the monetary measure of the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in one year. 1. Money valuation allows the summing of apples and oranges; money acts as the common denominator. (See Table 7. 1. ) 2. GDP includes only final products and services; it avoids double or multiple counting by eliminating any intermediate goods used in production of these final goods or services. (Table 7. 2 illustrates how including sales of intermediate goods would overstate GDP. ) 3. GDP is the value of what has been produced in the economy over the year, not what was actually sold. B. GDP Excludes Nonproduction Transactions 1. GDP is designed to measure what is produced or created over the current time period. Existing assets or property that was sold or transferred, including used items, are not counted. . Purely financial transactions are excluded. a. Public transfer payments, like social security or cash welfare benefits. b. Private transfer payments, like student allowances or alimony payments. c. The sale of stocks and bonds represent a transfer of existing assets. (However, the brokers’ fees are included for services rendered. ) 3. Secondhand sales are excluded; they do not represent cu rrent output. (However, any value added between purchase and resale is included, e. g. , used car dealers. ) C. Two Ways to Look at GDP: Spending and Income. 1. What is spent on a product is income to those who helped to produce and sell it. 2. This is an important identity and the foundation of the national accounting process. D. Expenditures Approach (See Figure 7. 1 and Table 7. 3. ) 1. GDP is divided into the categories of buyers in the market; household consumers, businesses, government, and foreign buyers. 2. Personal Consumption Expenditures—(C)—includes durable goods (goods lasting 3 years or more), nondurable goods, and services. 3. Gross Private Domestic Investment—(Ig) a. All final purchases of machinery, equipment, and tools by businesses. . All construction (including residential). c. Changes in business inventory. i. If total output exceeds current sales, inventories build up. ii. If businesses are able to sell more than they currently produce, this entry will be a negative number. d. Net Private Domestic Investment—(In). i. Each year as current output is being produced, existing capital equipment is wearing out and buildings are deteriorating; this is called depreciation or consumption of fixed capital. ii. Gross Investment minus depreciation (consumption of fixed capital) is called net investment. iii. If more new structures and capital equipment are produced in a given year than are used up, the productive capacity of the economy will expand. (Figure 7. 2) iv. When gross investment and depreciation are equal, a nation’s productive capacity is static. v. When gross investment is less than depreciation, an economy’s production capacity declines. vi. CONSIDER THIS †¦ Stock Answers about Flows 4. Government Purchases (of consumption goods and capital goods) – (G) a. Includes spending by all levels of government (federal, state, and local). b. Includes all direct purchases of resources (labor in particular). c. This entry excludes transfer payments since these outlays do not reflect current production. 5. Net Exports— (Xn) a. All spending on final goods produced in the U. S. must be included in GDP, whether the purchase is made here or abroad. b. Often goods purchased and measured in the U. S. are produced elsewhere (Imports). c. Therefore, net exports, (Xn) is the difference: (exports minus imports) and can be either a positive or negative number depending on which is the larger amount. 6. Summary: GDP = C + Ig + G + Xn E. Income Approach to GDP (See Table 7. 3): Demonstrates how the expenditures on final products are allocated to resource suppliers. 1. Compensation of employees includes wages, salaries, fringe benefits, salary and supplements, and payments made on behalf of workers like social security and other health and pension plans. 2. Rents: payments for supplying property resources (adjusted for depreciation it is net rent). 3. Interest: payments from private business to suppliers of money capital. 4. Proprietors’ income: income of incorporated businesses, sole proprietorships, partnerships, and cooperatives. . Corporate profits: After corporate income taxes are paid to government, dividends are distributed to the shareholders, and the remainder is left as undistributed corporate profits. 6. The sum of the above entries equals national income: all income earned by American-supplied resources, whether here or abroad. 7. Adjustments required to balance both sides of the account: a. Indirec t business taxes: general sales taxes, excise taxes, business property taxes, license fees and customs duties (the seller treats these taxes as a cost of production). . Depreciation/Consumption of Fixed Capital: The firm also regards the decline of its capital stock as a cost of production. The depreciation allowance is set aside to replace the machinery and equipment used up. In addition to the depreciation of private capital, public capital (government buildings, port facilities, etc. ), must be included in this entry. c. Net foreign factor income: National income measures the income of Americans both here and abroad. GDP measures the output of the geographical U. S. regardless of the nationality of the contributors. To make this final adjustment, the income of foreign nationals must be added and American income earned abroad must be subtracted. Sometimes this entry is a negative number. (Without this adjustment you have GNP. ) III. Other National Accounts (see Table 7. 4) A. Net domestic product (NDP) is equal to GDP minus depreciation allowance (consumption of fixed capital). B. National income (NI) is income earned by American-owned resources here or abroad. Adjust NDP by subtracting indirect business taxes and adding net American income earned abroad. Note: This may be a negative number if foreigners earned more in U. S. than American resources earned abroad. ) C. Personal income (PI) is income received by households. To calculate, take NI minus payroll taxes (social security contributions), minus corporate profits taxes, minus undistributed corporate profits, and add transfer payments. D. Disposable income (DI) is personal income less personal taxes. IV. Circular Flow Revisited (see Figure 7 . 3) A. Compare to the simpler model presented in earlier chapters. Now both government and foreign trade sectors are added. B. Note that the inside covers of the text contain a useful historical summary of national income accounts and related statistics. V. Nominal versus Real GDP A. Nominal GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced in a year. 1. GDP is a (P x Q) figure including every item produced in the economy. Money is the common denominator that allows us to sum the total output. 2. To measure changes in the quantity of output, we need a yardstick that stays the same size. To make comparisons of length, a yard must remain 36 inches. To make comparisons of real output, a dollar must keep the same purchasing power. 3. Nominal GDP is calculated using the current prices prevailing when the output was produced, but real GDP is a figure that has been adjusted for price level changes. B. The adjustment process in a one-good economy (Table 7. 5). Valid comparisons cannot be made with nominal GDP alone, since both prices and quantities are subject to change. Some method to separate the two effects must be devised. 1. One method is to first determine a price index, (see Equation 1) and then adjust the nominal GDP figures by dividing y the price index (in hundredths) (see Equation 2). 2. An alternative method is to gather separate data on the quantity of physical output and determine what it would sell for in the base year. The result is Real GDP. The price index is implied in the ratio: Nominal GDP/Real GDP. Multiply by 100 to put it in standard index form (see Equation 3). C. Real World Considerations and Data 1. The act ual GDP price index in the U. S. is called the chain-type annual-weights price index, and is more complex than can be illustrated here. 2. Once nominal GDP and the GDP price index are established, the relationship between them and real GDP is clear (see Table 7. 7). 3. The base year price index is always 100, since Nominal GDP and Real GDP use the same prices. Because the long-term trend has been for prices to rise, adjusting Nominal GDP to Real GDP involves inflating the lower prices before the base year and deflating the higher prices after the base year. 4. Real GDP values allow more direct comparison of physical output from one year to the next, because a â€Å"constant dollar† measuring device has been used. The purchasing power of the dollar has been standardized at the base-year level. ) VI. Shortcomings of GDP A. GDP doesn’t measure some very useful output because it is unpaid (homemakers’ services, parental child care, volunteer efforts, home improvement projects). B. GDP doesn’t measure improvements in product quality or make allowances for increased leisure time. C. GDP doesnâ€⠄¢t measure improved living conditions as a result of more leisure. D. GDP makes no value adjustments for changes in the composition of output or the distribution of income. . Nominal GDP simply adds the dollar value of what is produced; it makes no difference if the product is a semiautomatic rifle or a jar of baby food. 2. Per capita GDP may give some hint as to the relative standard of living in the economy; but GDP figures do not provide information about how the income is distributed. E. The Underground Economy 1. Illegal activities are not counted in GDP (estimated to be around 8% of U. S. GDP). 2. Legal economic activity may also be part of the â€Å"underground,† usually in an effort to avoid taxation. F. GDP and the environment 1. The harmful effects of pollution are not deducted from GDP (oil spills, increased incidence of cancer, destruction of habitat for wildlife, the loss of a clear unobstructed view). 2. GDP does include payments made for cleaning up oil spills and the cost of health care for cancer victims. G. Noneconomic Sources of well-being like courtesy, crime reduction, etc. , are not covered in GDP. VII. LAST WORD: Feeding the GDP Accounts A. GDP is compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) in the U. S. Commerce Department. Where does it get its data? Explanation follows. B. Consumption data comes from 1. Census Bureau’s â€Å"Retain Trade Survey† from a sample of 22,000 firms. 2. Census Bureau’s â€Å"Survey of Manufacturers,† which gets information on consumer goods shipments from 50,000 firms. 3. Census Bureau’s â€Å"Service Survey† of 30,000 service businesses. 4. Industry trade sources like auto and aircraft sales. C. Investment data comes from 1. All the consumption sources listed above. 2. Census construction surveys. D. Government purchase data is obtained from 1. U. S. Office of Personnel Management, which collects data on wages and benefits. 2. Census construction surveys of public projects. 3. Census Bureau’s â€Å"Survey of Government Finance. † E. Net export information comes from 1. U. S. Customs Service data on exports and imports. 2. BEA surveys on service exports and imports. ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 7-1In what ways are national income statistics useful? National income accounting does for the economy as a whole what private accounting does for businesses. Firms measure income and expenditures to assess their economic health. The national income accounting system measures the level of production in the economy at some particular time and helps explain the significance at that level. By comparing national accounts over a number of years, we can track the long-run course of the economy. Information supplied by national accounts provide a basis for designing and applying public policies to improve the performance of the economy. Without national accounts, economic policy would be guesswork. National income accounting allows us to assess the health of an economy and formulate policies to maintain and improve that health. -2Explain why an economy’s output is also its income? Everything that is produced is sold, even if the â€Å"selling,† in the case of inventory, is to the producing firm itself. Since the same amount of money paid out by the buyers of the economy’s output is received by the sellers as income (looking only at a private-sector economy at this point), â€Å"an economyâ€⠄¢s output is also its income. † 3. (Key Question) Why do national income accountants include only final goods in measuring GDP for a particular year? Why don’t they include the value of stocks and bonds sold? Why don’t they include the value of used furniture bought and sold? The dollar value of final goods includes the dollar value of intermediate goods. If intermediate goods were counted, then multiple counting would occur. The value of steel (an intermediate good) used in autos is included in the price of the auto (a final product). This value is not included in GDP because such sales and purchases simply transfer the ownership of existing assets; such sales and purchases are not themselves (economic) investment and thus should not be counted as production of final goods and services. Used furniture was produced in some previous year; it was counted as GDP then. Its resale does not measure new production. 7-4What is the difference between gross private domestic investment and net private domestic investment? If you were to determine net domestic product (NDP) through the expenditures approach, which of these two measures of investment spending would be appropriate? Explain. Gross private domestic investment less depreciation is net private domestic investment. Depreciation is the value of all the physical capital—machines, quipment, buildings—used up in producing the year’s output. Since net domestic product is gross domestic product less depreciation, in determining net domestic product through the expenditures approach it would be appropriate to use the net investment measure that excludes depreciation, that is, net private domestic investment. 7-5Why are changes in inventories included as part of investment spending? Suppose inventories dec lined by $1 billion during 2003. How would this affect the size of gross private domestic investment and gross domestic product in 2003? Explain. Anything produced by business that has not been sold during the accounting period is something in which business has invested—even if the â€Å"investment† is involuntary, as often is the case with inventories. But all inventories in the hands of business are expected eventually to be used by business—for instance, a pile of bricks for extending a factory building—or to be sold—for instance, a can of beans on the supermarket shelf. In the hands of business both the bricks and the beans are equally assets to the business, something in which the business has invested. If inventories declined by $1 billion in 2003, $1 billion would be subtracted from both gross private domestic investment and gross domestic product. A decline in inventories indicates that goods produced in a previous year have been used up in this year’s production. If $1 billion is not subtracted as stated, then $1 billion of goods produced in a previous year would be counted as having been produced in 2003, leading to an overstatement of 2003’s production. 7-6Use the concepts of gross and net investment to distinguish between an economy that has a rising stock of capital and one that has a falling stock of capital. In 1933 net private domestic investment was minus $6 billion. This means in that particular year the economy produced no capital goods at all. † Do you agree? Why or why not? Explain: â€Å"Though net investment can be positive, negative, or zero, it is quite impossible for gross investment to be less than zero. † When gross investment exceed s depreciation, net investment is positive and production capacity expands; the economy ends the year with more physical capital than it started with. When gross investment equals depreciation, net investment is zero and production capacity is said to be static; the economy ends the year with the same amount of physical capital. When depreciation exceeds gross investment, net investment is negative and production capacity declines; the economy ends the year with less physical capital. The first statement in wrong. Just because net investment was a minus $6 billion in 1933 does not mean the economy produced no new capital goods in that year. It simply means depreciation exceeded gross investment by $6 billion. So the economy ended the year with $6 billion less capital. The second statement is correct. If only one $20 spade is bought by a construction firm in the entire economy in a year and no other physical capital is bought, then gross investment is $20—a positive amount. This is true even if net investment is highly negative because depreciation is well above $20. If not even this $20 spade has been bought, then gross investment would have been zero. But gross investment can never be less than zero. 7-7Define net exports. Explain how the United States’ exports and imports each affect domestic production. Suppose foreigners spend $7 billion on American exports in a given year and Americans spend $5 billion on imports from abroad in the same year. What is the amount of America’s net exports? Explain how net exports might be a negative amount. Net exports are a country’s exports of goods and services less its imports of goods and services. The United States’ exports are as much a part of the nation’s production as are the expenditures of its own consumers on goods and services made in the United States. Therefore, the United States’ exports must be counted as part of GDP. On the other hand, imports, being produced in foreign countries, are part of those countries’ GDPs. When Americans buy imports, these expenditures must be subtracted from the United States’ GDP, for these expenditures are not made on the United States’ production. If American exports are $7 billion and imports are $5 billion, then American net exports are +$2 billion. If the figures are reversed, so that Americans export $5 billion and import $7 billion, then net exports are -$2 billion—a negative amount. For this to come about, Americans must either decrease their holdings of foreign currencies by $2 billion, or borrow $2 billion from foreigners—or do a bit of both. (Another option is to sell back to foreigners some of the previous American investments abroad. ) 7-8(Key Question) Below is a list of domestic output and national income figures for a given year. All figures are in billions. The questions that follow ask you to determine the major national income measures by both the expenditure and income methods. The results you obtain with the different methods should be the same. | | |Personal consumption expenditures |$245 | |Net foreign factor income earned |4 | |Transfer payments |12 | |Rents |14 | |Consumption of fixed capital (depreciation) |27 | |Social security contributions |20 | |Interest |13 | |Proprietors’ income |33 | |Net exports |11 | |Dividends |16 | |Compensation of employees |223 | |Indirect business taxes |18 | |Undistributed corporate profits |2 1 | |Personal taxes |26 | |Corporate income taxes |19 | |Corporate profits |56 | |Government purchases |72 | |Net private domestic investment 33 | |Personal saving |20 | | | | a. Using the above data, determine GDP by both the expenditure and the income approaches. Then determine NDP. b. Now determine NI: first, by making the required additions and subtractions from GDP; and second, by adding up the types of income that make up NI. c. Adjust NI (from part b) as required to obtain PI. d. Adjust PI (from part c) as required to obtain DI. (a)GDP = $388, NDP = $361 (b)NI = $339 (c)PI = $291 (d)DI = $265 7-9Using the following national income accounting data, compute (a) GDP, (b) NDP, (c) NI. All figures are in billions. | | |Compensation of employees |$194. 2 | |U. S. exports of goods and services |17. 8 | |Consumption of fixed capital (depreciation) |11. 8 | |Government purchases |59. 4 | |Indirect business taxes |14. | |Net private domestic investment |52. 1 | |Transfer payment s |13. 9 | |U. S. imports of goods and services |16. 5 | |Personal taxes |40. 5 | |Net foreign factor income earned in U. S. |2. 2 | |Personal consumption expenditures |219. | | | | |(a) Personal consumption expenditures (C) |$219. 1 | | Government purchases (G) |59. 4 | | Gross private domestic investment (Ig) |63. 9 | | (52. 1 + 11. 8) | | | Net exports (Xn) (17. 8 – 16. 5) | 1. 3 | | Gross domestic product (GDP) |$343. | | | | |(b) Consumption of fixed capital | -11. 8 | | Net domestic product (NDP) |$331. 9 | | | | |(c) Net foreign factor income earned in U. S. |-2. 2 | | Indirect business taxes | -14. 4 | | National income (NI) |$315. 3 | -10Why do national income accountants compare the market value of the total outputs in various years rather than actual physical volumes of production? What problem is posed by any comparison over time of the market values of various total outputs? How is this problem resolved? If it is impossible to summarize oranges and apples as one statistic, as the saying goes, it is surely even more impossible to add oranges and, say, computers. If the production of oranges increases by 100 percent and that of computers by 10 percent, it does not make any sense to add the 100 percent to the 10 percent, then divide by 2 to get the average and say total production has increased by 55 percent. Since oranges and computers have different values, the quantities of each commodity are multiplied by their values or prices. Adding together all the results of the price times quantity figures leads to the aggregate figure showing the total value of all the final goods and services produced in the economy. Thus, to return to oranges and computers, if the value of orange production increases by 100 percent from $100 million to $200 million, while that of computers increases 10 percent from $2 billion to $2. 2 billion, we can see that total production has increased from $2. 1 billion (= $100 million + $2 billion) to $2. 4 billion (= $200 million + $2. 2 billion). This is an increase of 14. 29 percent [= ($2. 4 billion – $2. 1 billion)/$2. 1 billion)]—and not the 55 percent incorrectly derived earlier. Comparing market values over time has the disadvantage that prices change. If the market value in year 2 is 10 percent greater than in year 1, we cannot say the economy’s production has increased 10 percent. It depends on what has been happening to prices; on whether the economy has been experiencing inflation or deflation. To resolve this problem, statisticians deflate (in the case of inflation) or inflate (in the case of deflation) the value figures for the total output so that only â€Å"real† changes in production are recorded. To do this, each item is assigned a â€Å"weight† corresponding to its relative importance in the economy. Housing, for example, is given a high weight because of its importance in the average budget. A book of matches would be given a very low weight. Thus, the price of housing increasing by 5 percent has a much greater effect on the price index used to compare prices from one year to the next, than would the price of a book of matches increasing by 100 percent. 7-11(Key Question) Suppose that in 1984 the total output in a single-good economy was 7,000 buckets of chicken. Also suppose that in 1984 each bucket of chicken was priced at $10. Finally, assume that in 1996 the price per bucket of chicken was $16 and that 22,000 buckets were purchased. Determine the GDP price index for 1984, using 1996 as the base year. By what percentage did the price level, as measured by this index, rise between 1984 and 1996? Use the two methods listed in Table 7-6 to determine real GDP for 1984 and 1996. X/100 = $10/$16 = . 625 or 62. 5 when put in percentage or index form (. 625 x 100) [pic] or 60%(Easily calculated [pic]) Method 1:1996 = (22,000 x $16) ? 1. 0 = $352,000 1984 = (7,000 x $10) ? .625 = $112,000 Method 2:1996 = 22,000 x $16 = $352,000 1984 = 7,000 x $16 = $112,000 12. (Key Question) The following table shows nominal GDP and an appropriate price index for a group of selected years. Compute real GDP. Indicate in each calculation whether you are inflating or deflating the nominal GDP data. | | | | | | |Nominal GDP, |Price index |Real GDP, | |Year |Billions |(1996 = 100) |Billions | | | | | | | | | | | |1960 |$527. 4 | |22. 9 | |$ ______ | |1968 |911. 5 | |26. 29 | |$ ______ | |1978 |2295. 9 | |48. 22 | |$ ______ | |1988 |4742. 5 | |80. 22 | |$ ______ | |1998 |8790. 2 | |103. 22 | |$ ______ | | | | | | Values for real GDP, top to bottom of the column: $2,376. 7 (inflating); $3,467. (inflating); $4,761. 3 (inflating); $5,911. 9 (inflating); $8,516 (deflating). 7-13Which of the following are actually included in this year’s GDP? Explain your answer in each case. a. Interest on an ATT bond. b. Social security payments received by a retired factory worker. c. The services of a family member in painting the family home. d. The income of a dentist. e. The money received by Smith when she sells her economics textbook to a book buyer. f. The monthly allowance a college student recei ves from home. g. Rent received on a two-bedroom apartment. h. The money received by Josh when he resells his current-year-model Honda automobile to Kim. i. Interest received on corporate bonds. j. A 2-hour decrease in the length of the workweek. k. The purchase of an ATT corporate bond. l. A $2 billion increase in business inventories. m. The purchase of 100 shares of GM common stock. n. The purchase of an insurance policy. (a)Included. Income received by the bondholder for the services derived by the corporation for the loan of money. (b)Excluded. A transfer payment from taxpayers for which no service is rendered (in this year). (c)Excluded. Not a market transaction. If any payment is made, it will be within the family. (d)Included. Payment for a final service. You cannot pass on a tooth extraction! (e)Excluded. Secondhand sales are not counted; the textbook is counted only when sold for the first time. (f)Excluded. A private transfer payment; simply a transfer of income from one private individual to another for which no transaction in the market occurs. (g)Included. Payment for the final service of housing. (h)Excluded. The production of the car had already been counted at the time of the initial sale. (i)Included. The income received by the bondholders is paid by the corporations for the current use of the â€Å"money capital† (the loan). (j)Excluded. The effect of the decline will be counted, but the change in the workweek itself is not the production of a final good or service or a payment for work done. (k) Excluded. A noninvestment transaction; it is merely the transfer of ownership of financial assets. (If ATT uses the money from the sale of a new bond to carry out an investment in real physical assets that will be counted. ) (l)Included. The increase in inventories could only occur as a result of increased production. (m)Excluded. Merely the transfer of ownership of existing financial assets. (n)Included. Insurance is a final service. If bought by a household, it will be shown as consumption; if bought by a business, as investment—as a cost added to its real investment in physical capital. 7-14(Last Word) What government agency compiles the U. S. NIPA tables? In what U. S. epartment is it located? Of the several specific sources of information, name one source for each of the four components of GDP: consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) in the Department of Commerce compiles GDP statistics. The Census Bureau provides survey data for consumption, investment, and government purchases. Consumption figures also come from industry trade sources as does some investment data. The U. S. Office of Personnel Management also provides data on government spending on services. Net export figures come from the U. S. Customs Service and BEA surveys on service exports and imports. How to cite The Juice, Essay examples

Too Much Experience Going Up The Creek Essays - Dawsons Creek

Too Much Experience Going Up The Creek To Much Experience Going Up The Creek Media not only has an influence on today's society but also more accurately, shows how teenagers may be handling every day situations through the news and TV programs. Story ideas come from a writer's interests, responses, experiences, and knowledge (Douglas 20). The most popular TV show among teenagers today is Dawson's Creek, whose characters are based on a young man's life. Kevin Williamson, the screenwriter, developed the show using autobiographical material. Therefore, his subject matter shows what issues are facing society and how they are handled. Every Wednesday night at 7:00pm millions of people ranging from the ages of young teens to early twenties sit down to watch the hour-long television show, Dawson's Creek. This show is based on the every day trials and tribulations of four juniors in high school. From the start the main character, Dawson, had to deal with the many problems that teenagers are facing today. Such issues as his parents getting a divorce, drugs and alcohol, and sex. The three other characters, Pacey, Dawsons best guy friend, Joey Dawson ex-girlfriend, and Jen. The TV drama's last season had on every show something dealing with sex. All four of the main characters have encountered the subject in a variety of situations. In previous shows last season, Dawson was forced to deal with his mom's messy affair, but now that saga has ended the obstacle for him is Eve's constant influence to have sex. Joey has been pressured to have sex since the first season. Pacey and his girlfriend just broke up because she slept with another guy. Jen has earned the reputation of the experienced girl who gets around. Dawson's Creek shows that society condones and accepts the way teens are handling the issue of sex by taking part in it and encouraging it. In the beginning of this new season the purpose of the new character that is introduced, Eve, is to seduce Dawson. The word seduce is very strong, but incredibly accurate for describing her actions. She is a picture perfect character who supports the way teens are handling sex. Eve, who has become Dawson's new fling, has turned sex into a sort of sport, which is what many guys are known for doing. Critics say, ? Eve portrays that wild edge that we all possess within ourselves? (?What's On TV?). That wild edge is what has caused over 1 million girls each year to get pregnant (?Beating the Stats?). Eve is very blunt and straightforward with what she wants from Dawson. Most girls who are not naive are confronted with the same attitude from guys. She comes right out and tells him the reason she wants to have sex with him is because of his eyes. She not only defines her reason, which is rather shallow, but also the reasons of most high school aged guys. Unfortunately many high school guys are keeping records that fall under categories from best looking to the most money. It is sad that the motives of guys have become increasingly superficial and are no longer centered around love. It is obvious that the roles are reversed and Eve is portraying the characteristics of most high school guys. The fact is that her specific character completely destroys the intimate side of a relationship, but reveals the harsh reality upon which many high school relationships are based. Dawson reacts to Eve's seduction in a way that most high school teens are expected to react nowadays; he submits willingly and the first thing he does is run out to buy condoms. The scene at the drugstore supports society's experience and openness to the topic. The salesman at the store shows sex is a publicized activity, whereas it used to be personal and private. Dawson has a run in with three different people while he is deciding which condoms to buy. All three describe their different experience with different condoms. Don't forget these are strangers describing to a 17-year-old boy how, ?the glow in the dark ones don't work, but not to worry because there is a whole wall of options.? The conversation between Dawson and the four people in the